Radiation ka gɛlɛya jɔnjɔnw-Oscillateur kristali gɛlɛnw: Sɛgɛsɛgɛri min kɛra ka ɲɛsin iyɔn hakɛ bɛɛ ma ani ko kelen kelen -ko nɔɔw ma
A lajɛ: Gwɛlɛya minw be sɔrɔ kristali osilatɛriw la radiyasiyɔn yɔrɔw la, u ɲɔgɔn tɛ yen
Kristali osilatɛriw, minw be baara kɛ i n’a fɔ elekitoroniki sisitɛmuw ka "dusukun tantan", olu be gwɛlɛya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw sɔrɔ yɔrɔ minw na tile yeelen ka ca -. U ka fɛn jɔnjɔnw-pizoelektriki kristaliw ani yɛlɛmayɛlɛmali sɛrɛkiliw-u be tilebɔ jaabi cogo wɛrɛ la, nka o kɔlɔlɔw laban be ye baarakɛcogo jateminɛ jɔnjɔn na: frekansi basigi. Radiyasiyɔn kɔlɔlɔw be tilan fɔlɔ ka kɛ suguya fila ye: Total Ionizing Dose (TID) kɔlɔlɔw ka tiɲɛni dɔɔni dɔɔni ani fili barikaman minw be sɔrɔ Single-Event Effects (SEEs) fɛ.
Tilanyɔrɔ fɔlɔ: Iyɔnizasiyɔn dozi bɛɛ kɔlɔlɔw-Kɔrɔya basiginin min be sɔrɔ kristali osilatɛriw la
1.1 Tiɲɛni minw be kɛ kristali yɛrɛ la .
TID kɔlɔlɔw be bɔ fanga lajɛnni na min be sɔrɔ wagatijan kɔnɔ -iyɔnizasiyɔn tilebɔ la, o min be tiɲɛni sifa fila lase kuarzi kristaliw ma:
Latisi fiɲɛw labɛnni dɔɔni dɔɔni
• Tilebɔ be tiɲɛni kɛ kristali kɔnɔ, o min be atomuw bɔ u ka latɛsi lɔyɔrɔw la.
• Fɛɛn lakolonw, atomu minw be ɲɔgɔn cɛ ani fiɲɛ wɛrɛw be lajɛn wagati be tɛmɛna.
• O fiɲɛw be kristali ka yɛlɛmaniw yɛlɛma ani a ka mass-loading nɔw.
• Nɔ min be sɔrɔ tilennin na: yɛlɛmani minw be kɛ rezonansi ka frekansi la ani yɛlɛmani minw be kɛ frekansi-temperature caractéristique curve la.
Charge lajɛnni yɔrɔw la ani yɔrɔ minw be ɲɔgɔn cɛ
• Tilebɔ min be iyɔnw la, o be charge fixes bɔ kristali sanfɛ ani elekitorodiw cɛma.
• Charge lajɛnni be dancɛ cogoya yɛlɛma mankanw jɛnsɛnni kama.
• A be dɔ fara mankanw jɛnsɛnni kan ani u jɛnsɛnni kan.
• A be nɔɔ min to mɔgɔ kan: Dɔgɔya be fakitɛri (Q) ka kalite la ani fazi mankan baara be tiɲɛ.
1.2 Osilisiyɔn sɛrɛkiliw tiɲɛni dɔɔni dɔɔni
Fɛɛn minw be baara kɛ ani minw tɛ baara kɛ, olu be tiɲɛ ni yeelen hakɛ be caya:
Paramɛtiri yɛlɛmani minɛnw kɔnɔ minw be baara kɛra
• MOSFET ka tansɔnw ka yɛlɛmani min be kɛ cogo bɛnnin na, o be yɛlɛmani don oscillation circuits ka bias point la.
• Ni tranzistɔriw ka transkonduktansi dɔgɔyara, o be dɔ bɔ loop gain margin la.
• A nɔɔ tilennin: Gɛlɛya min be sɔrɔ ka yɛlɛmani daminɛ, a be bɔli fanga dɔgɔya ani ni bana juguw lo, yɛlɛmani be dabila.
Eksponensiyɛli dɔ farala ji bɔli sisan kan
• Okisidi nɛgɛjuruw be na ni yɛlɛmaniw ye PN ɲɔgɔndanw ni daa oksidiw la.
• Kuran min be to ka yɛlɛma, o cayara kosɔbɛ.
• Ka funteni mankan caya, o be faso mankan dugukolo kɔrɔta.
• A be nɔɔ min to mɔgɔw kan: Kuran min be bɔ, o be tɛmɛ a ka dantigɛli kan ani mankan basiginin be yɛlɛma.
Yɛlɛmani minw kɛra réseau paramètres kɔnɔ
• Radiyasiyɔn-sensible paramɛtiriw be yɛlɛma yɛlɛma.
• A be fazi yɛlɛmani cogoyaw yɛlɛma minw ka ɲi ka kɛ yɛlɛmaniw kama.
• A be nɔɔ min to mɔgɔw kan: Yɛlɛmani minw be kɛ cɛmancɛ frekansi la ani tuning range ka yɛlɛmaniw na.
Tilanyɔrɔ filanan: Ko kelen-Koo minw kɛra, olu kɔlɔlɔw-"Dusukunnabana barikaman" min be sɔrɔ Kristali Osilatɛriw la
2.1 A be nɔɔ min to kristali yɔrɔ kan
Tiɲɛni min kɛra wagati dɔɔni kɔnɔ
• Fɛɛn kelen min ka fanga ka bon (misali la, iyɔn girinman walima porotɔn min ka fanga ka bon) o be tɛmɛ kristali kɔnɔ.
• A be tiɲɛni kɛ yɔrɔ dɔw la partikiliw ka sira kan.
• A be na ni yɛlɛmaniw ye yɔrɔ dɔw ka haminankow la wagati dɔɔni kɔnɔ.
• A be nɔɔ to mɔgɔ kan: A be pan yɔrɔnin kelen, o kɔ, a be se ka kɛnɛya dɔɔni.
Charge bilali kɔlɔlɔw
• Fɛɛn misɛnninw be charge bila kristali kɔnɔ, o min be kuran yɔrɔw lawuli wagati dɔɔni kɔnɔ.
• Charge be yɛlɛma ka kɛ stress mekaniki wagati dɔɔni kɔnɔ piezoelectrique ka baara sababu fɛ.
• A ka nɔɔ tilennin: Fazi pankurunw ani frekansi basigili tiɲɛni jugu wagati surun kɔnɔ.
2.2 Osilisiyɔn sɛrɛkiliw tiɲɛni yɔrɔnin kelen
-Koo minw be kɛ wagati dɔɔni kɔnɔ (SETs) analogu sɛrɛkiliw kɔnɔ
• Fangafɛn minw ka fanga ka bon, olu be anpiliyatɛriw wala bias sɛrɛkiliw gosi osilatɛri kɔnɔ.
• Ka yɛlɛmaniw kɛ wagati dɔɔni kɔnɔ kuran wala tagamasiɲɛw ka lɔgɔw kan.
• Pulse bonya be daminɛ pikosekɔndi tan na ka taga se mikrosekɔndi caaman ma.
• A be nɔɔ min to mɔgɔw kan:
• Glitches yɔrɔnin kelen minw be yɛlɛma yɛlɛma bɔli yɔrɔ la.
• Fasodenw ka tagama ka tigɛ yɔrɔnin kelen.
• A be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fazi-locked loops (PLLs) bɔnɛ walima ka lɛrɛ sinkronizasiyɔn dɛsɛ.
-Koo minw be mɔgɔ dusu tiɲɛ (SEUs) lozisiyɛli kɔlɔsili kɔnɔ
• Biti yɛlɛmaniw be kɛ dizitali ka sɛgɛsɛgɛri yɔrɔw la (i n’a fɔ, frekansi sɛgɛsɛgɛri sɛbɛw, mode sɛgɛsɛgɛri kumadenw).
• Konfiguration paramètres be yɛlɛma k’a sɔrɔ u m’a lɔn.
• A be nɔɔ min to mɔgɔw kan:
• Bɔli hakɛ be pan ka taga yɔrɔ dɔ la min tɛ tiɲɛn ye.
• Baarakɛcogo yɛlɛmani min tɛ bɛn.
• A be se ka kɛ ko a ka ɲi ka yɛlɛmani don a la walisa a ka baara kɛ cogo kɔrɔ la tugun.
Kasara kɔlɔlɔ minw be sɔrɔ koo kelen -latch-up (SEL)
• PNPN parazitiw ka sigicogow lawulili be siraba-ba dɔ lawuli sisan.
• Kuran be yɛlɛma kosɔbɛ (a be se ka kɛ fɔɔ ka se a hakɛ siɲɛ 100 ma).
• A be nɔɔ min to mɔgɔw kan:
• Circuit ka baarakɛcogo tiɲɛna pewu.
• Ni funteni be boli, o be se ka tiɲɛni kɛ fɔɔ abada.
• A be fanga ɲini walisa ka se ka kɛnɛya.
Tilanyɔrɔ sabanan: Fɛɛrɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw minw be se ka kɛ ka kristali yɛlɛmayɛlɛmafɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛ
3.1 TID kɔlɔlɔw kɛlɛli fɛɛrɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw .
Kristali minanw sugandicogo ɲuman
• Aw ka baara kɛ ni kristaliw ye minw ka gwɛlɛ ni tile yeelen ye: SC-tigɛnin be tile yeelen kɛlɛcogo ɲuman yira ka tɛmɛ AT-tigɛnin kan.
• Fɛɛrɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw: Ni idɔrɔzɛni be yɛlɛma, o be dɔ bɔ kristali fiɲɛ fɔlɔw la.
• Fɛɛn kuraw sɛgɛsɛgɛri: Fɛɛn wɛrɛw i n’a fɔ litiyɔmu niobate (LNB) be layidu ta frekansi bandi dɔw la.
Circuit gɛlɛnw dilan cogo
• Ka baara kɛ ni minanw ye minw dilanna ni radiation-minɛnw ye minw ka gwɛlɛ.
• Aw ka circuits bias redondants labɛn walisa ka threshold voltage ka yɛlɛmaniw sara u yɛrɛ ma.
• Ka baara kɛ ni muɲuli labɛncogo ye walisa ka baarakɛcogo sabati paramɛtiriw ka yɛlɛmaniw kɔnɔ.
• Ka sɛrɛkiliw don ɲɔgɔn na minw be sɛgɛsɛgɛri kɛ ani ka sɛrɛkiliw sara.
Labɛncogo ɲumanya
• Aw ka kristaliw ka pakew labɛn ka ɲɛ walisa ka baara kɛ ni minanw ye minw tɛ se ka tilen -.
• Elɛkitorodiw dilancogo n’u ɲɔgɔnnabɔcogo fisaya walisa ka dɔ bɔ charge min be lajɛn interface la.
• Aw ka fɛɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw kɛ ka yɔrɔw nɔgɔya.
3.2 Fɛɛrɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw -ko kelen-kelen kɔlɔlɔw kama
Circuit lɔcogo-Lakanali hakɛ
• Aw ka baara kɛ ni filtɛri ani histɛrizi sɛrɛkiliw ye analozi tagamasiɲɛ siraw la minw ka gwɛlɛ.
• Ka triple modulaire redundancy (TMR) ani ka yɛlɛmani don tuma o tuma ka ɲɛsin yɔrɔw ma minw be baara kɛ ni dizitali ye.
• A’ ye fɛɛrɛ dɔw labɛn minw be se ka mɔgɔw lɔn joona ani k’u kɛnɛya.
• Ka kɔnfiguration ka kunnafoniw latanga ni filiw lɔnni ani latilenni kodew ye.
Labɛncogo ɲuman
• Aw ka gɛrɛnw fara yɔrɔ minw ka gwɛlɛ, aw k’u lamini.
• Baara kɛ ni -centroid labɛncogo ye min ka teli ka kɛ walisa ka yɛlɛmaniw nɔɔw dɔgɔya.
• Ka fanga tilanyɔrɔw labɛn ka ɲɛ walisa ka latch-up yɛlɛmani dɔgɔya.
• Ka dɔ fara tranzistɛri kɔrɔmanw bonya kan walisa ka charge kɔrɔmanw lawuli.
Sisitɛmu-nivo kɛlɛkɛcogow
• Aw ka osilatɛri caman -w labɛn minw be yɛlɛmaniw dɛmɛ ni kalaman- ye.
• Ka wagati yɛrɛ yɛrɛ la-ka yɛlɛmaniw kɔlɔsili ani anomaliw lɔnni waleya.
• Ka algorithme adaptatifs labɛn walisa ka nɔɔw lɔn ani k’u sara wagati dɔɔni kɔnɔ.
• Ka on-orbit ladonni fɛɛrɛw sigi sen kan, i n’a fɔ paramɛtiriw ka yɛlɛmani ani jurumuw labɛnni.
3.3 Wajibi kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw kɔrɔbɔli ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli kama .
Tilebɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛri fɛɛrɛw kristali osilɛriw kama
• Ka frekansi basigi kɔlɔsi wagatijan kɔnɔ walisa ka tiɲɛni cogoyaw sɛgɛsɛgɛ TID kɔnɔ.
• Fazi mankan sumani wagati yɛrɛ yɛrɛ la-ka bolonɔw lɔn wagati dɔɔni kɔlɔlɔw la.
• In-beam sɛgɛsɛgɛli ka se ka -ko kelen kelen ka nɔɔ yɛrɛ yɛrɛ ladegi.
• Ɲɛnamaya sɛgɛsɛgɛli telimanw ka se ka wagatijan-lafiya fɔ ka kɔn.
Kɔrɔbɔli paramɛtiri jɔnjɔnw
• Jɛnɲɔgɔnya min be frekansi yɛlɛmani ni dozi bɛɛ cɛ.
• Yɛlɛmani minw be kɛ faso mankanw na.
• Daminɛ-waati ani sigi wagati tiɲɛni.
• Se min b’a la ka bɔli yɛlɛmaniw mara cogo tilennin na.
Kuncɛli: Sisitɛmuw ka ɛnzeniyɛri fɛɛrɛ dɔ min be se ka balansi ni yɛlɛmaniw kɛ
Kristali osilatɛriw ka radiyasiyɔn gɛlɛya ye sisitɛmu ɛnzeniyɛri gɛlɛya ye min be jago-bɔli ɲini yɔrɔ caaman na:
Ka minanw ni baarakɛcogow kɛ kelen ye
• Jago- min be kristali minanw ka tilebɔ fanga ni frekansi basigi cɛ.
• Ka semi-conducteur ka baarakɛcogo gɛlɛya hakɛ ni fanga minɛcogo n’a teliya hakɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma.
Jago-bɔli sɛrɛkili dilan cogo la
• Lanaya be sɔrɔ ka bɔ baara la min be kɛ ni gɛlɛya caaman ye ani fanga min be ta.
• Ka latangacogow fanga kɛɲɛ ni musakaw ni bonya dankariw ye.
Sisitɛmu lɔcogo ɲuman
• Lakanali fɛɛrɛ minw be kɛ yɔrɔ caaman na, u labɛnnin lo ka ɲɛ.
• Minɛw-lozisiyɛliw ka jurumu-muɲuli fɛɛrɛw donni ɲɔgɔn na.
• Ɛntɛrɛnɛti kan, kɔlɔsili ani yɛlɛmani minw be kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni mɔgɔw ka koow cogoya ye, u don o la.
A laban, radiation-hardened oscillator dilan cogo min ka ɲi, o be baarakɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnin faamuyali wajibiya ani ka baarakɛcogo, lannaya ani sɔngɔ jateminɛ ka ɲɛ. Ni ɲɛtaga kɛra minan kuraw, baarakɛcogow ani sarali algorithme hakilimanw na, kristali osilɛriw ka baara kɛcogo yɔrɔ minw na tile yeelen ka ca kojugu, o bena to ka fisaya, ka wagati-basigilan barikaman di baarakɛcogow ma minw be se ka la a la kosɔbɛ i n’a fɔ sanfɛla sɛgɛsɛgɛli ani nukeleyɛri fanga.
O sɛgɛsɛgɛli laɲinin ani gɛlɛya fɛɛrɛ b’a to sisitɛmu "dusukun tantan" be to a nɔɔ na ani a be se ka la a la, hali yɔrɔ minw na tile yeelen ka gwɛlɛ kosɔbɛ.